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THE FLORIDA SMALL CLAIMS RULES

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THE FLORIDA

SMALL CLAIMS RULES

Assembled by

Phillip H. Snaith, Esquire

2836 Northwest 80th Avenue

Sunrise, FL  33322

(954) 748-1588

e-mail:  FalconHead @AOL.com

INDEX

RULE 7.010.  TITLE AND SCOPE

RULE 7.020.  APPLICABILITY OF RULES OF CIVIL PROCEDURE

RULE 7.040.  CLERICAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE DUTIES OF CLERK

RULE 7.050.  COMMENCEMENT OF ACTION; STATEMENT OF CLAIM

RULE 7.060.  PROCESS AND VENUE

RULE 7.070.  METHOD OF SERVICE OF PROCESS

RULE 7.080.  SERVICE OF PLEADINGS AND PAPERS OTHER THAN	 STATEMENT OF CLAIM

RULE 7.090.  APPEARANCE; DEFENSIVE PLEADINGS; TRIAL DATE

RULE 7.100.  COUNTERCLAIMS, SETOFFS, THIRD-PARTY	 COMPLAINTS, TRANSFER WHEN JURISDICTION	 EXCEEDED

RULE 7.110.  DISMISSAL OF ACTIONS

RULE 7.130.  CONTINUANCES AND SETTLEMENTS

RULE 7.135.  SUMMARY JUDGMENT

RULE 7.140.  TRIAL

RULE 7.150.  JURY TRIALS

RULE 7.160.  FAILURE OF PLAINTIFF OR BOTH PARTIES TO	 APPEAR

RULE 7.170.  DEFAULT; JUDGMENT

RULE 7.180.  MOTIONS FOR NEW TRIAL; TIME FOR; CONTENTS

RULE 7.190.  RELIEF FROM JUDGMENT OR ORDER; CLERICAL	 MISTAKES

RULE 7.200.  EXECUTIONS

RULE 7.210.  STAY OF JUDGMENT AND EXECUTION

RULE 7.220.  SUPPLEMENTARY PROCEEDINGS

RULE 7.221.  HEARING IN AID OF EXECUTION

RULE 7.230.  APPELLATE REVIEW

RULE 7.300.  FORMS


RULE 7.010.  TITLE AND SCOPE

(a)   Title. These rules shall be cited as Florida Small Claims Rules and may be abbreviated  as "Fla. Sm. Cl. R."  These rules shall be construed to implement the simple, speedy, and inexpensive trial of actions at law in county courts.

(b)   Scope. These rules are applicable to all actions at law of a civil nature in the county courts in which the demand or value of property involved does not exceed $5,000 exclusive of costs, interest, and attorneys' fees; if there is a difference between the time period prescribed by these rules and by section 51.011, Florida Statutes, the statutory provision shall govern.

 Committee Notes

1978 Amendment. The addition to (b) is designed to eliminate confusion caused by denomination of section 51.011, Florida Statutes, as  Summary Procedure.


RULE 7.020.  APPLICABILITY OF RULES OF CIVIL PROCEDURE

(a)   Generally. Florida Rules of Civil Procedure 1.090(a), (b), and (c); 1.190(e); 1.210(b); 1.260; 1.410; and 1.560 are applicable in all actions covered by these rules.

(b)   Discovery. Any party represented by an attorney is subject to discovery pursuant to Florida Rules of Civil Procedure 1.280 - 1.380 directed at said party, without order of court. If a party proceeding without an attorney directs discovery to a party represented by an attorney, the represented party may also use discovery pursuant to the above-mentioned rules without leave of court. When a party is unrepresented and has not initiated discovery pursuant to Florida Rules of Civil Procedure 1.280 - 1.380, the opposing party shall not be entitled to initiate such discovery without leave of court. However, the time for such discovery procedures may be prescribed by the court.

(c)   Additional Rules. In any particular action, the court may order that action to proceed under 1 or more additional Florida Rules of Civil Procedure on application of any party or the stipulation of all parties on the court's own motion.

Committee Notes

1972 Amendment. Subdivision (a) is amended by giving the court authority to apply additional rules of civil procedure in any particular case on the application of a party, stipulation of all parties, or order on the court's own motion.

1978 Amendment. These proposed amendments would help prevent overreaching and the ability of one party to obtain judgment without giving the court the full opportunity to consider the merits of the case. When attorneys are involved, the rule would preserve the ability of the parties to fully develop their cases.

1996 Amendment. The addition of Fla. R. Civ. P. 1.380 enables the court to issue and impose sanctions for failure to comply with discovery requests.


RULE 7.040.  CLERICAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE DUTIES OF CLERK

(a)   Generally. The clerk of the circuit court or the clerk of the county court in those counties where such a clerk is provided (hereinafter referred to as the clerk) shall:

(1) maintain a trial calendar. The placing of any action thereon with the date and time of trial is notice to all concerned of the order in which they may expect such action to be called;

(2) maintain a docket book and a judgment book (which may be the same book) in which accurate entries of all actions brought before the court and notations of the proceedings shall be made including the date of filing; the date of issuance, service, and return of process; the appearance of such parties as may appear; the fact of trial, whether by court or jury; the issuance of execution and to whom issued and the date thereof and return thereon and, when satisfied, a marginal entry of the date thereof; the issuance of a certified copy; a memorandum of the items of costs including witness fees; and the record of the verdict of the jury or finding of the judge, and the judgment, including damages and costs, which judgments may be kept in a separate judgment book; and

(3) maintain an alphabetical index by parties' names with reference to action and case number.

(b)   Minute Book. It shall not be necessary for the clerk to maintain a minute book for small claims.

Court's Commentary

1972 Amendment. See also rule 7.050(c).


RULE 7.050.  COMMENCEMENT OF ACTION; STATEMENT OF CLAIM

(a)   Commencement.

(1) Statement of Claim. Actions are commenced by the filing of a statement of claim in concise form, which shall inform the defendant of the basis and the amount of the claim. If the claim is based on a written document, a copy or the material part thereof shall be attached to the statement of claim.

(2) Party Not Represented by Attorney to Sign. A party, individual, or corporation who or which has no attorney handling such cause shall sign that party's statement of claim or other paper and state that party's address and telephone number, including area code. However, if the trial court in its discretion determines that the plaintiff is engaged in the business of collecting claims and holds such claim being sued upon by purchase, assignment, or management arrangement in the operation of such business, the court may require that corporation to provide counsel in the prosecution of the cause. A corporation may be represented at any stage of the trial court proceedings by an officer of the corporation or any employee authorized by an officer of the corporation.

(b)   Parties. The names, addresses, and telephone numbers, including area code, of all parties or their attorneys, if any, must be stated on the statement of claim. Additionally, attorneys shall include their Florida Bar number on all papers filed with the court.

(c)   Clerk's Duties. The clerk shall assist in the preparation of a statement of claim and other papers to be filed in the action at the request of any litigant. The clerk shall not be required to prepare papers on constructive service, substituted service, proceedings supplementary to execution, or discovery procedures.

(d)   Memorandum on Hearing Date. The court shall furnish all parties with a memorandum of the day and hour set for the hearing.

(e)   Replevin. In those replevin cases to which these rules are applicable, the clerk of the county court shall set the hearing required by section 78.065(2)(a), Florida Statutes (prejudgment replevin order to show cause hearings) and rule 7.050(d) (pretrial conferences) at the same time.

Committee Notes

1988 Amendment. Subdivision (a)(2): To clarify who may appear and represent a corporation in a small claims case.

Subdivision (b): First sentence is to conform Florida Small Claims Rules with Florida Rules of Judicial Administration 2.060(d) and 2.060(e). Second sentence is to conform to proposed amendment to rules of judicial administration.

Subdivision (e): Require that the order to show cause hearing required in small claims replevin cases and the pretrial conference required by the small claims rules be held at the same time to save time and avoid confusion.

Court's Commentary

1972 Amendment. The statement of claim need not be verified.

Subdivision (c) is amended so as to provide that the clerk shall not be required to prepare papers on substituted service.


RULE 7.060.  PROCESS AND VENUE

(a)   Summons Required. A summons entitled Notice to Appear stating the time and place of hearing shall be served on the defendant. The summons or notice to appear shall inform the defendant, in a separate paragraph containing bold type, of the defendant's right of venue. This paragraph on venue shall read:

Right to Venue. The law gives the person or company who has sued you the right to file suit in any one of several places as listed below. However, if you have been sued in any place than one of these places, you, as the defendant, have the to request that the case be moved to a proper location or venue. A proper location or venue may be one of the following:

1.  Where the contract was entered into.

2.  If the suit is on an unsecured promissory note, where note is signed or where the maker resides.

3.  If the suit is to recover property or to foreclose a lien, where the property is located.

4.  Where the event giving rise to the suit occurred.

5.  Where any one or more of the defendants sued reside.

6.  Any location agreed to in a contract.

7.  In an action for money due, if there is no agreement as to where suit may be filed, where payment is to be made.

If you, as a defendant, believe the plaintiff has not sued in one of these correct places, you must appear on your court date and orally request a transfer, or you must file a written request for transfer in affidavit form (sworn to under oath) with the court 7 days prior to your first court date and send a    copy to the plaintiff or plaintiff's attorney, if any.

(b)   Copy of Claim to Be Served. A copy of the statement of claim shall be served with the summons/ notice to appear.

Committee Notes

1988 Amendment. A statement is added to the  right to venue notice  on the summons/notice to appear that proper venue also lies in the county where payment is to be made. This conforms with Florida law.

Clarification has been made that the notice is now known as the summons/notice to appear.

Court's Commentary

1980 Amendment. If the statutory venue, chapter 47, Florida Statutes, is changed by the legislature, this change should be reflected in the required notice.


RULE 7.070.  METHOD OF SERVICE OF PROCESS

Service of process shall be effected as provided by law or as provided by Florida Rule of Civil Procedure 1.070(a)-(h). Constructive service or substituted service of process may be effected as provided by law. Service of process on Florida residents only may also be effected by certified mail, return receipt signed by the defendant, or someone authorized to receive mail at the residence or principal place of business of the defendant, the cost of which is in addition to the filing fee.

Committee Notes

1978 Amendment. Present rule provides for certified or registered mail. Certified mail has not been satisfactory since the Postal Service does not deliver to the defendant in all cases.

1984 Amendment. Mail service is allowed on persons authorized to receive mail for the defendant similar to substituted service by the sheriff on a resident of the defendant's abode. The proposal clarifies the rule that service by mail is not available for out-of-state defendants.

1992 Amendment. The committee has found that most jurisdictions forward the summons and complaint for service by certified mail rather than registered mail. Therefore, the rule is changed to conform to the custom and to be more in keeping with the other service requirements that are required by certified mail as opposed to registered mail.

1996 Amendment. This rule is being modified to exclude Fla. R. Civ. P. 1.070(I) because Small Claims Rule 7.110(e) provides for dismissal of a claim for failure to prosecute after 6 months of inactivity.

Court's Commentary

1972 Amendment. The payment of costs of service by certified or registered mail from the filing fee is authorized by section 34.041(1), Florida Statutes; chapter 72-404, Laws of Florida.


RULE 7.080.  SERVICE OF PLEADINGS AND PAPERS OTHER THAN STATEMENT OF CLAIM

(a)   When Required. Copies of all pleadings and papers subsequent to the notice to appear, except applications for witness subpoenas and orders and judgments entered in open court, shall be served on each party. One against whom a default has been entered is entitled to be served only with pleadings asserting new or additional claims.

(b)   How Made. When a party is represented by an attorney, service of papers other than the statement of claim and notice to appear shall be made on the attorney unless the court orders service to be made on the party.

Service shall be made by delivering the paper to the party or the party's attorney, as the case may be, or by mailing it to the party's last known address.

(c)   Filing. All original pleadings and papers shall be filed with the court either before service or immediately thereafter. The court may allow a copy to be substituted for the original of any document.

(d)   Filing with the Court Defined. The filing of papers with the court as required by these rules is made by filing them with the clerk, except that the judge may permit the papers to be filed with the judge, in which event the judge shall note thereon the filing date and transmit them to the clerk, and the clerk shall file them as of the same date they were filed with the judge.

(e)   Certificate of Service.

(1) When any party or attorney in substance certifies:

I certify that a copy hereof has been furnished to (here insert name or names) by (delivery) (mail) this ..... day of .........., 19......

___________________________

      Party or party's attorney

the certificate is prima facie proof of such service in compliance with all rules of court and law.

(2) When any paper is served by the clerk, a docket entry shall be made showing the mode and date of service. Such entry is sufficient proof of service without a separate certificate of service.

Court's Commentary

1972 Amendment. Subdivisions (a), (b), (c), (d), and (e) are substantially the same as Florida Rule of Civil Procedure 1.080(a), (b), (d), (e), and (f).


RULE 7.090.  APPEARANCE; DEFENSIVE PLEADINGS; TRIAL DATE

(a)   Appearance. On the date and time appointed in the notice to appear, the plaintiff and defendant shall appear personally or by counsel.

(b)   Notice to Appear; Pretrial Conference. The summons/notice to appear shall specify that the initial appearance shall be for a pretrial conference. The initial pretrial conference shall be set by the clerk not more than 35 days from the date of the filing of the action. At the pretrial conference, all of the following matters shall be considered:

(1) The simplification of issues.

(2) The necessity or desirability of amendments to the pleadings.

(3) The possibility of obtaining admissions of fact and of documents that avoid unnecessary proof.

(4) The limitations on the number of witnesses.

(5) The possibilities of settlement.

(6) Such other matters as the court in its discretion deems necessary.

Form 7.322 shall and form 7.323 may be used in conjunction with this rule.

(c)   Defensive Pleadings. Unless required by order of court, written pretrial motions and defensive pleadings are not necessary. If filed, copies of such pleadings shall be served on all other parties to the action at or prior to the pretrial conference or within such time as the court may designate. The filing of a motion or a defensive pleading shall not excuse the personal appearance of a party or attorney on the initial appearance date (pretrial conference).

(d)   Trial Date. The court shall set the case for trial not more than 60 days from the date of the pretrial conference. At least 10 days' notice of the time of trial shall be given. The parties may stipulate to a shorter time for setting trial with the approval of the court. This rule does not apply to actions to which chapter 51, Florida Statutes, applies.

(e)   Waiver of Appearance at Pretrial Conference. Where all parties are represented by an attorney, counsel may agree to waive personal appearance at the initial pretrial conference, if a written agreement of waiver signed by all attorneys is presented to the court prior to or at the pretrial conference. The agreement shall contain a short statement of the disputed issues of fact and law, the number of witnesses expected to testify, an estimate of the time needed to try the case, and any stipulations of fact. The court shall forthwith set the case for trial within the time prescribed by these rules.

 Committee Notes

1972 Amendment. Rule 7.120 is incorporated in subdivision (c). It is slightly expanded to provide for a computation period from service by mail and to give the parties the right to stipulate to a shorter time for the trial.

1984 Amendment. This change requires the use of a pretrial procedure and requires both parties to attend the pretrial conference which can be used to resolve pretrial motions. The use of a pretrial previously varied from county to county.

1988 Amendment. (b) 1st sentence   Chair's clarification.

2nd sentence   Require the clerk to set the initial pretrial conference within a reasonable time after filing of the action taking into consideration the fact that the time standards guideline for small claims cases is 95 days.

3rd sentence   State within the small claims rules what matters shall be considered at the pretrial conference rather than by reference to Florida Rule of Civil Procedure 1.220(a), which has been amended several times and is generally not applicable to small claims cases.

4th sentence   Direct that new form 7.322 shall and that new form 7.323 may be used statewide.

(c)   Clarifies that a personal appearance is required at the pretrial conference when a defense motion is filed.

(e)   Adds a provision for waiving counsel's appearance at the pretrial conference where all parties are represented by counsel.


RULE 7.100.  COUNTERCLAIMS, SETOFFS, THIRD-PARTY COMPLAINTS, TRANSFER WHEN JURISDICTION EXCEEDED

 (a)   Compulsory Counterclaim. Any claim of the defendant against the plaintiff, arising out of the same transaction or occurrence which is the subject matter of the plaintiff's claim, shall be filed not less than 5 days prior to the appearance date or within such time as the court designates or it is deemed to be abandoned.

(b)   Permissive Counterclaim. Any claim or setoff of the defendant against the plaintiff, not arising out of the transaction or occurrence which is the subject matter of the plaintiff's claim, may be filed not less than 5 days before the appearance date or within such time as the court designates, and tried, providing that such permissive claim is within the jurisdiction of the court.

(c)   How Filed. Counterclaims and setoffs shall be filed in writing. If additional time is needed to prepare a defense, the court may continue the action.

(d)   Transfer When beyond Jurisdiction. When a counterclaim or setoff exceeds the jurisdiction of the court, it shall be filed in writing before or at the hearing, and the action shall then be transferred to the court having jurisdiction thereof. As evidence of good faith, the counterclaimant shall deposit a sum sufficient to pay the filing fee in the court to which the case is to be transferred with the counterclaim, which shall be sent with the record to the court to which transferred. Failure to make the deposit waives the right to transfer.

(e)   Third-Party Complaints. A defendant may cause a statement of claim to be served on a person not a party to the action who is or may be liable to the defendant for all or part of the plaintiff's claim against the defendant. A defendant must obtain leave of court on motion made at the initial pretrial conference and must file the third-party complaint within such time as the court may allow. The clerk shall schedule a supplemental pretrial conference, and on the date and time appointed in the notice to appear the third-party plaintiff and the third-party defendant shall appear personally or by counsel. If additional time is needed for the third-party defendant to prepare a defense, the court may continue the action. Any party may move to strike the third-party claim or for its severance or separate trial. When a counterclaim is asserted against the plaintiff, the plaintiff may bring in a third-party defendant under that would entitle a defendant to do so under this rule.

Committee Notes

1988 Amendment. Provides for and authorizes third-party claims so that all issues may be addressed and resolved. Also provides for a title change.


RULE 7.110.  DISMISSAL OF ACTIONS

(a)   Voluntary Dismissal; Effect Thereof.

(1) By Parties. Except in actions where property has been seized or is in the custody of the court, an action may be dismissed by the plaintiff without order of court (A) by the plaintiff informing the defendant and clerk of the dismissal before the trial date fixed in the notice to appear, or before retirement of the jury in a case tried before a jury or before submission of a nonjury case to the court for decision, or (B) by filing a stipulation of dismissal signed by all parties who have appeared in the action. Unless otherwise stated, the dismissal is without prejudice, except that a dismissal operates as an adjudication on the merits when a plaintiff has once dismissed in any court an action based on or including the same claim.

 	(2) By Order of the Court; If Counterclaim. Except as provided in subdivision (a)(1) of this rule, an action shall not be dismissed at a party's instance except upon order of the court and on such terms and conditions as the court deems proper. If a counterclaim has been made by the defendant before the plaintiff dismisses voluntarily, the action shall not be dismissed against the defendant's objections unless the counterclaim can remain pending for independent adjudication. Unless otherwise specified in the order, a dismissal under this subdivision is without prejudice.

(b)   Involuntary Dismissal. Any party may move for dismissal of an action or of any claim against that party for failure of an adverse party to comply with these rules or any order of court. After a party seeking affirmative relief in an action has completed the presentation of evidence, any other party may move for a dismissal on the ground that upon the facts and the law the party seeking affirmative relief has shown no right to relief without waiving the right to offer evidence in the event the motion is not granted. The court may then determine them and render judgment against the party seeking affirmative relief or may decline to render any judgment until the close of all the evidence. Unless the court in its order for dismissal otherwise specifies, a dismissal under this subdivision and any dismissal not provided for in this rule, other than a dismissal for lack of jurisdiction or for improper venue or for lack of an indispensable party, operates as an adjudication on the merits.

(c)   Dismissal of Counterclaim. The provisions of this rule apply to the dismissal of any counterclaim.

(d)   Costs. Costs in any action dismissed under this rule shall be assessed and judgment for costs entered in that action. If a party who has once dismissed a claim in any court of this state commences an action based on or including the same claim against the same adverse party, the court shall make such order for the payment of costs of the claim previously dismissed as it may deem proper and shall stay the proceedings in the action until the party seeking affirmative relief has complied with the order.

(e)   Failure to Prosecute. All actions in which it affirmatively appears that no action has been taken by filing of pleadings, order of court, or otherwise for a period of 6 months shall be dismissed by the court on its own motion or on motion of any interested person, whether a party to the action or not, after 30 days' notice to the parties, unless a stipulation staying the action has been filed with the court, or a stay order has been filed, or a party shows good cause in writing at least 5 days before the hearing on the motion why the action should remain pending.

Committee Notes

1978 Amendment. Former subdivision (e) provided for 1 year rather than 6 months.

1984 Amendment. Subdivision (e) is changed to allow more time for an attorney to inquire about the status of a claim. Many actions are disposed of by a stipulation to pay, and it may take longer than 10 days to determine the amount due, if any.

1996 Amendment. Subdivision (e) is amended to be consistent with Fla. R. Civ. P. 1.420(e), which includes specific language concerning a stipulation staying the action approved by the court or a stay order as a condition when an action would not automatically be up for dismissal based on lack of prosecution.

Court's Commentary

1972 Amendment. Substantially the same as Florida Rule of Civil Procedure 1.420.


RULE 7.130.  CONTINUANCES AND SETTLEMENTS

(a)   Continuances. A continuance may be granted only upon good cause shown. The motion for continuance may be oral, but the court may require that it be reduced to writing. The action shall be set again for trial as soon as practicable and the parties shall be given timely notice.

(b)   Settlements. Settlements in full or by installment payments made by the parties out of the presence of the court are encouraged. The plaintiff shall notify the clerk of settlement, and the case may be dismissed or continued pending payments. Upon failure of a party to perform the terms of any stipulation or agreement for settlement of the claim before judgment, the court may enter appropriate judgment without notice upon the creditor's filing of an affidavit of the amount due.

Committee Notes

1984 Amendment. Subdivision (b) is altered to conform with rule 7.210(c), which provides for an affidavit but no notice.


RULE 7.135.  SUMMARY JUDGMENT

At pretrial hearing or at trial, if there is no triable issue, the court shall summarily enter an appropriate order or judgment.


RULE 7.140.  TRIAL

(a)   Time. The trial date shall be set by the court at pretrial.

(b)   Determination. Issues shall be settled and motions determined summarily.

(c)   Pretrial. The pretrial conference should narrow contested factual issues. The case may proceed to trial with the consent of both parties.

(d)   Settlement. At any time before judgment, the judge shall make an effort to assist the parties in settling the controversy by conciliation or compromise.

(e)   Assistance by Court. In an effort to further the proceedings and in the interest of securing substantial justice, the court shall assist any party not represented by an attorney on:

(1) courtroom decorum; and

(2) order of presentation of material evidence.

The court may not instruct any party not represented by an attorney on accepted rules of law. The court shall not act as an advocate for a party.

(f)   How Conducted. The trial may be conducted informally but with decorum befitting a court of justice. The rules of evidence applicable to trial of civil actions apply but are to be liberally construed. At the discretion of the court, testimony of any party or witness may be presented over the telephone. Additionally, at the discretion of the court an attorney may represent a party or witness over the telephone without being physically present before the court.

Committee Notes

1984 Amendment. (a) Changed to conform this rule with the requirement for pretrials.

(c)   Allows the cases to proceed to trial with consent of the parties.

(f)   This is similar to the proposed amendment to the Florida Rules of Civil Procedure to allow depositions by telephone. Since the court has discretion to allow this testimony, all procedural safeguards could be maintained by the court. Since the court is also the trier of fact, the testimony could be rejected if unreliable.

1988 Amendment. Extends the taking of testimony over the telephone to include parties, deletes the agreement of the parties provision, and adds authorization for an attorney to represent a party or witness over the telephone without being physically present before the court.

1996 Amendment. The revised version of subdivision (e) addresses the need to expressly provide that the judge, while able to assist an unrepresented party, should not act as an advocate for that party.


RULE 7.150.  JURY TRIALS

Jury trials may be had upon written demand of the plaintiff at the time of the commencement of the suit, or by the defendant within 5 days after service of notice of suit or at pretrial conference, if any. Otherwise jury trial shall be deemed waived.

Committee Notes

1984 Amendment. The purpose of the cost deposit formerly required was to discourage frivolous demands for jury trials. The committee feels that there should be no distinction between the taxation of costs in a $300 claim and a $3,000 claim.


RULE 7.160.  FAILURE OF PLAINTIFF OR BOTH PARTIES TO APPEAR

(a)   Plaintiff. If plaintiff fails to appear on the return day, or fails to appear at trial, the action may be dismissed for want of prosecution, defendant may proceed to trial on the merits, or the action may be continued as the judge may direct.

(b)   Both Parties. If both parties fail to appear, the judge may continue the action or dismiss it for want of prosecution at that time or later as justice requires.


RULE 7.170.  DEFAULT; JUDGMENT

(a)   Default. If defendant does not appear at the scheduled time, the plaintiff is entitled to a default to be entered by either the judge or clerk.

(b)   Final Judgment. After default is entered, the judge shall receive evidence establishing the damages and enter judgment in accordance with the evidence and the law. The judge may inquire into and prevent abuses of venue prior to entering judgment.

Court's Commentary

1972 Amendment. Evidence may be by testimony, affidavit, or other competent means.

1980 Amendment. By the amendment to this rule, the judge is permitted to ensure by any means which the judge deems appropriate that venue is not being abused.


RULE 7.180.  MOTIONS FOR NEW TRIAL; TIME FOR; CONTENTS

(a)   Time. A motion for new trial shall be filed not later than 10 days after return of verdict in a jury action or the date of filing of the judgment in a nonjury action. A timely motion may be amended to state new grounds at any time before it is disposed of in the discretion of the court.

(b)   Determination. The motion shall set forth the basis with particularity. Upon examination of the motion, the court may find it without merit and deny it summarily, or may grant a hearing on it with notice.

(c)   Grounds. All orders granting a new trial shall specify the specific grounds therefor. If such an order is appealed and does not state the specific grounds, the appellate court shall relinquish its jurisdiction to the trial court for entry of an order specifying the grounds for granting the new trial.

Committee Notes

1972 Amendment. Subdivisions (a) and (c) are substantially the same as Florida Rule of Civil Procedure 1.530(b) and (f).

1984 Amendment. This change will be in conformity with the proposed amendment to Florida Rule of Civil Procedure 1.530.


RULE 7.190.  RELIEF FROM JUDGMENT OR ORDER; CLERICAL MISTAKES

(a)   Clerical Mistakes. Clerical mistakes in judgments, orders, or other parts of the record and errors therein arising from oversight or omission may be corrected by the court at any time on its own initiative or on the motion of any party and after such notice, if any, as the court orders. During the pendency of an appeal, such mistakes may be so corrected before the record on appeal is docketed in the appellate court, and thereafter while the appeal is pending may be so corrected with leave of the appellate court.

(b)   Mistakes; Inadvertence; Excusable Neglect; Newly Discovered Evidence; Fraud; etc. On motion and on such terms as are just, the court may relieve a party or a party's legal representative from a final judgment, order, or proceeding for the following reasons: (1) mistake, inadvertence, surprise, or excusable neglect; (2) newly discovered evidence which by due diligence could not have been discovered in time to move for a new trial or rehearing; (3) fraud (whether heretofore denominated intrinsic or extrinsic), misrepresentation, or other misconduct of an adverse party; (4) the judgment is void; or (5) the judgment has been satisfied, released, or discharged or a prior judgment on which it is based has been reversed or otherwise vacated or it is no longer equitable that the judgment should have prospective application. The motion shall be made within a reasonable time, and for reasons (1), (2), and (3) not more than 1 year after the judgment, order, or proceeding was entered or taken. A motion under this subdivision does not affect the finality of a judgment or suspend its operation.


RULE 7.200.  EXECUTIONS

Executions on judgments shall issue during the life of the judgment on the oral request of the party entitled to it or that party's attorney without praecipe. No execution or other final process shall issue until the judgment on which it is based has been rendered or within the time for serving a motion for new trial and, if a motion for new trial is timely served, until it is determined; provided execution or other final process may be issued on special order of the court at any time after judgment.


RULE 7.210.  STAY OF JUDGMENT AND EXECUTION

(a)   Judgment or Execution or Levy Stayed. When judgment is to be entered against a party, the judge may inquire and permit inquiry about the earnings and financial status of the party and has discretionary power to stay an entry of judgment or, if entered, to stay execution or levy on such terms as are just and in consideration of a stipulation on the part of the judgment debtor to make such payments as will ensure a periodic reduction of the judgment until it is satisfied.

(b)   Stipulation. The judge shall note the terms of such stipulation in the file; the stipulation may be set out in the judgment or made a part of the judgment by reference to  the stipulation made in open court.

(c)   Execution. When judgment is entered and execution stayed pending payments, if the judgment debtor fails to pay the installment payments, the judgment creditor may have execution without further notice for the unpaid amount of the judgment upon filing an affidavit of the amount due.

(d)   Oral Stipulations. Oral stipulations may be made in the presence of the court that upon failure of the judgment debtor to comply with any agreement, judgment may be entered or execution issued, or both, without further notice.

Committee Notes

1988 Amendment. Adds the staying of levy as an alternative for the court when arranging payment. Provides lien rights priority protection for judgment creditors.


RULE 7.220.  SUPPLEMENTARY PROCEEDINGS

Proceedings supplementary to execution may be had in accordance with proceedings provided by law or by the Florida Rules of Civil Procedure.


RULE 7.221.  HEARING IN AID OF EXECUTION

(a) Use of Form 7.343. In any final judgment, the judge shall include the Optional Enforcement Paragraph of form 7.340 if requested by the prevailing party or attorney. In addition to the forms of discovery available to the judgment creditor under Fla. R. Civ. P. 1.560, the judge, at the request of the judgment creditor or the judgment creditor's attorney, shall order a judgment debtor to complete form 7.343 within 30 days of the order or other such reasonable time determined by the court. If the judgment debtor fails to obey the order, Fla. R. Civ. P. Form 1.982 may be used in conjunction with this subdivision of this rule.

(b) Purpose of Hearing. The judge, at the request of the judgment creditor, shall order a judgment debtor to appear at a hearing in aid of execution at a time certain 30 or more days from the date of entry of a judgment for the purpose of inquiring of the judgment debtor under oath as to earnings, financial status, and any assets available in excess of exemptions to be applied towards satisfaction of judgment. The provisions of this subdivision of this rule shall only apply to a judgment creditor who is a natural person and was not represented by an attorney prior to judgment. Forms 7.342, 7.343, and 7.344 shall be used in connection with this subdivision of this rule.

Committee Notes

1988 Amendment. Provides a procedure for postjudgment, court-assisted discovery for natural person judgment creditors, unrepresented by counsel prior to judgment.

1996 Amendment. The purpose of the change is to make form 7.343 (Fact Information Sheet) available for use by both a party and the party's attorney. The rule will allow the court to include the order as part of the final judgment or to issue the order after the judgment. The court may adjust the time allowed for the response to the Fact Information Sheet to fit the circumstances.


RULE 7.230.  APPELLATE REVIEW

Review of orders and judgments of the courts governed by these rules shall be prosecuted in accordance with the Florida Rules of Appellate Procedure.

Committee Notes

1972 Amendment. Attention is directed to Florida Appellate Rule 4.7, which authorizes the circuit court to modify or dispense with any of the steps to be taken after filing of the notice of appeal.


RULE 7.300.  FORMS

The following forms of process are sufficient in all actions.

The following forms of statements of claim and other papers are sufficient for the types of actions which they respectively cover. They are intended for illustration only. They and like forms may be used with such modifications as may be necessary to meet the facts of each particular action so long as the substance thereof is expressed without prolixity. The common counts are not sufficient. The complaint forms appended to the Florida Rules of Civil Procedure may be utilized if appropriate.

The following forms are approved: